Teaching Library Bibliography
July 31, 2007
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This bibliography was developed by Ulia Gosart, an Associate of REAP Change Consultants, for the New York State Library Making It REAL! grant project. It is based on a paper presented by Dr. Suzanne Stauffer, Louisiana State University, at the New York Library Association Annual Conference, held November 1-4, 2006, in Saratoga Springs, NY. The bibliography for the paper has been expanded to include additional references provided by Alexis Mokler and Ulia Gosart, and was edited with the assistance of Sam Cook.
This bibliography focuses on the concept and structural design of a Teaching Library, a collaborative learning environment that involves library institutions, students, and library schools. Expressions of the Teaching Library idea include, but are not limited to, mentoring, internships, and collaborative projects with a focus on exposing LIS students to the practical side of the field in conjunction with the students’ special interests and library school curriculum.
This bibliography consists of three parts: History, Publications, and Practices. The History section covers sources on the development of the Teaching Library idea and practices. The Publications section outlines essential theoretical works on the need for Teaching Libraries and relevant educational activities. The Practices section includes resources and descriptions of Teaching Libraries in practice, with a focus on Library and Information Science schools’ activities nationwide. Each section is organized alphabetically, with a brief introduction discussing the type and content of the presented materials. Resources in bold are considered essential.
Organization of Work
- Practices
- Internship and Mentoring Programs
- Selected Educational Opportunities, Coordinated by LIS Academic Institutions
[NOTE: Links will open in a new window; some links may no longer work.]
I. History
This section covers the history of Teaching Libraries and similar practices rooted in the traditions of library education in the United States. These resources are most useful to historians of librarianship and professionals who work on developing theoretical models for library education. The materials in this section include academic manuscripts and publications in scholarly journals.
Baker, E. (1941). Internship in the T.V.A., A.L.A. Bulletin, 35.
Board of Education for Librarianship. (1925). Graduate library school recommendations: Minimum standards for library schools. Bulletin of the American Library Association, 19.
Conant, R. (1980). The Conant report: A study of the education of librarians. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Deusen, N. (1946). Field work in accredited library schools. College and Research Libraries, 7.
Faculty of the Library School of the University of Wisconsin. (1917). An apprentice course for small libraries: Outlines of lessons, with suggestions for practice work, study, and required reading. Chicago: ALA.
Francis, J. (1938). Internship in the library profession. Chicago: ALA.
Gelfand, M. (1950). The Queens College Library training program. Library Journal, 75.
Glynn, T. (2006). The professionalization of a calling: mission and method at the New York Library Club, 1885-1901. Libraries & the Cultural Record, 41(4).
This article focuses on the early history of the New York Library Club, founded by Melvil Dewey in 1885. The educational mission of libraries is discussed in opposition to the practical issues of keeping intellectual control over an increasing body of knowledge.
Harris, H. (1940). T.V.A. experiments with internship. A.L.A. Bulletin, 34.
Howard, F. (1941). The intern’s report. A.L.A. Bulletin, 35.
Leigh, R. (Ed.). (1954). Major problems in the education of librarians. New York: Columbia University Press.
Metcalf, K., Russell, J., & Osborn, A. (1943). The program of instruction in library schools. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
Reece, E. (1933). Work-contacts for library-school students. Library Quarterly, 3(2).
Reece, E. (1949). The task and training of librarians. New York: King’s Crown Press.
Rothrock, M. (1938).Library internship in the Tennessee Valley Authority. Papers and Proceedings of the Biennial Conference (Southeastern Library Association), 10, 1938, 33-36.
Rothstein, S. (1976). A forgotten issue: Practice work in American library education. Reference Librarian, 25/26.
Stallman, E. (1954). Library internships: History, purpose, and a proposal. Occasional Papers of the University of Illinois Library School, 37(1).
White, C. (1976). A historical introduction to library education: Problems and progress to 1951. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow.
Williamson, C. (1971). The Williamson reports of 1921 and 1923. Metuchen, N.J: Scarecrow.
Wright, W. (1935). Internships in library education. Library Journal, 60, 781-784.
II. Publications
This section focuses on publications that stress the importance and need of Teaching Libraries in contemporary educational practices of the Library and Information Science (LIS) field. The articles include publications from academic LIS journals.
Dickenson, D. (2006). How academic libraries help faculty teach and students learn: The Colorado academic library impact study. Retrieved July 26, 2007, from http://www.lrs.org/documents/academic/ALIS_final.pdf
This is an extensive study conducted in 2005 in nine Colorado institutions on how libraries help students in learning processes and instructors in teaching and research tasks. The study was commissioned by the Colorado Academic Library Consortium and conducted under the auspices of the Library Research Center.
Farmer, J., & Campbell, F. (1998). Identifying the transferable skills of information professionals through mentoring. Education for Information, 16(2),95-106.
Kindon, V. (2000). Match game: Learning from the e-mentoring programs to most effectively match mentors and protégés. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina.
Moxley, A. (2005). Mentoring gen X managers: Tomorrow’s library leadership is already here. Library Administration and Management, 19(4),185-92.
Munde, G. (2000). Beyond mentoring: Toward the rejuvenation of academic libraries. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 26(3),171-175.
Nicholson, S. (2005). A framework for technology selection in a web-based distance education environment: Supporting community-building through richer interaction opportunities. Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, 46(3).
Discussion of how the creation of collaborative channels among students, library staff, faculty and LIS schools’ alumni can enhance the workings of a library community. A theoretical approach on how to create a network is provided.
Ritchie, A., & Genoni, P. (2002). Group mentoring and professionalism: a programme evaluation. Library Management, 23(1/2),68-78.
Stauffer, S. (2006, November). A framework for a "Teaching Library": A preliminary study. Paper presented at the NYLA Annual Conference, Saratoga Springs, NY.
This paper focuses on the “Teaching Libraries” model as a strategy to involve practitioners and students in collaborative learning.
Stoffle, C., & Leeder, K. (2005). Practitioners and library education: A crisis of understanding [Electronic Version]. Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, 46(4). Retrieved July 28, 2007, from http://dlist.sir.arizona.edu/1074/01/Crisis-journal_proof-FINAL.pdf
Discussion of the lack of understanding between educators and practitioners in LIS. Includes a historical outlook and present problematic issues. Suggests a strong need for collaboration between the two fields in developing LIS education programs and curricula.
Yontz, E. (2003). How you can help save library education. American Libraries, 34(1).
Young, C., & Wright, J. (2001). Mentoring: the components for success. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 28(3),202-206.
III. Practices
This section focuses on best efforts to implement the Teaching Library model. This section includes internships and mentoring programs, followed by selective LIS educational programs and opportunities immediately connected with library schools, and concludes with the resources available to fund and support collaborative educational practices.
A. Internship and Mentoring Programs
Alire, C. (1997). Mentoring on my mind. American Libraries, 28(10).
Focuses on a minority advocacy program that offers academic advising, mentoring, and financial assistance.
ALA College Libraries Section, Association of College and Research Libraries.(2007). The college library directors mentor program. Retrieved July 20, 2007, from http://www.ala.org/ala/acrl/aboutacrl/acrlsections/collegelibraries/collprogdisc/collegelibrary.htm
American Library Association. (2007). ALA New Member Round Table (NMRT) mentoring program. Retrieved July 19, 2007, from http://www.ala.org/ala/nmrt/comm/mentoringcommittee.htm.
Australian Library and Information Association. (2005).ALIA mentoring. Retrieved July 20, 2007, from http://www.alia.org.au/education/mentoring/
Bonnette, A. (2004). Mentoring minority librarians up the career ladder. Library Administration & Management, 8(3),134-139.
Brown, C. Murphy, T. (2005). Understanding student learning in undergraduate information studies internships. Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, 46(3).
A case study of undergraduate LIS interns to understand the process of learning during internships. Results indicated interns’ need to develop interpersonal communication skills, suggesting development of LIS programs with a focus on collaborative practices among students, librarians, and educators.
Buron, N. (2001). Mentoring New York City’s future librarians. Voice of Youth Advocates, 24( 5), 342-344.
Dalton, J., & Oehlerts, B. (2006). A library internship: Perspectives from a library intern and a library supervisor. Colorado Libraries, 32(2).
Perspectives of an LIS student and a supervising librarian on the value and experience of internships.
Golian-Lui, L. (2003). Fostering librarian leadership through mentoring [Electronic Version]. Adult Learning, January 1, 2003, 26-28. Retrieved July 28, 2007, from http://www.accessmylibrary.com/comsite5/bin/pdinventory.pl?pdlanding=1&referid=2930&purchase_type=ITM&item_id=0286-8190441
Hallam, G., & Gissing, C. (2003). The QUT/ALIA Queensland student mentoring program [Electronic Version]. The Australian Library Journal. Retrieved July 27, 2007, from http://www.alia.org.au/publishing/alj/52.2/full.text/hallam.gissing.html
Holliday, W., & Nordgren, C. (2005). Extending the reach of librarians: Library per mentor program at Utah State University. College & Research Libraries News, 66, (4), 282-284.
Macchia, P., & Freedman, J. (2004). From isolation to communication: The use of Internet forums to build a learning community among library interns. Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, 45(3).
This article concentrates on the creation of information environments to enable active teamwork among LIS interns, with a focus on the College of Education at Alabama State University’s Internship Forum (http://coe.alasu.edu/lemforum). This article provides solutions to creating collaborative teaching models among libraries in which interns are working.
Moyo, L. & Robinson, A. (2001). Beyond research guidance: the gateway library research mentoring program. Library Management, 22(8/9), 343-350.
Special Libraries Association. (2007). The mentorship handbook: A guide for SLA chapters and divisions to establish mentorship programs.Retrieved July 20, 2007,from http://www.sla.org/pdfs/mentorsh.pdf
Zachary, L. (2000). The mentor’s guide: Facilitating effective learning relationships. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
A set of practical recommendations on how to facilitate learning through mentoring. Applicable to LIS education.
B. Selected Educational Opportunities, Coordinated by LIS Academic Institutions
Nationwide educational activities to support the Teaching Library model include internships, mentoring programs, practicum, capstone and field practices, scholarships and awards available to support the educational experience of students, and other forms of collaborative activities. The resources in this section cover examples of these activities, including their descriptions, policies, and resources. The resources are immediately connected with LIS academic institutions. Selection is based on two criteria: availability of funds to support LIS education, and capacity of the program/project to create collaborative environments of learning between students and professional institutions.
Alabama
School of Library & Information Studies of University of Alabama. (n.d.). SLIS financial assistance. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://www.slis.ua.edu/financial_aid.html
These resources are collected by the School of Library & Information Studies of University of Alabama. Includes various types of scholarships and financial assistance to support LIS education in Alabama.
Arizona
School of Information Resources and Library Science, The University of Arizona. (2007). List of available internships. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://www.sir.arizona.edu/resources/internshiplist.html
School of Information Resources and Library Science, The University of Arizona. (2007). Requirements for individual studies. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://www.sir.arizona.edu/courses/indiv_st.html - internship
California
Hudley, R. (2002). Oxnard public library provides interning opportunity [Electronic Version]. Library waves: USCB library, Summer 2002. Retrieved July 28, 2007, from http://www.library.ucsb.edu/libwaves/augsept02/internship.htmlAn article, written by an intern of the FILL program, about her experience in the program.
Mediavilla, C. (2002). From interns to library leaders: Filling public library vacancies in Los Angeles [Electronic Version]. Connections, 26. Retrieved July 28, 2007, from http://www.library.ca.gov/newsletter/2002/CSL_Connection_Aug02.pdf
Overview of the FILL program by the program coordinator.
Metropolitan Cooperative Library System. (n.d.). FILL - From Interns to Library Leaders. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://www.mcls.org/fill/
FILL is a program of the Metropolitan Cooperative Library System, intended for promotion of the library profession with a concentration on public libraries via paid internships or practical sessions at the MCLS library system. For UCLA or SJSU/Distance Education students.
Colorado
Library and Information Science Program, University of Denver. (2007). Future LEADers of America Scholarship Program. In Library and Information Science Program: Scholarships. Retrieved July 27, 2007, from http://www.du.edu/LIS/LISFinancialAid.html
Future LEADers of America Scholarship Program is offered by the Library and Information Science Program of the University of Denver. Scholarship recipients are representatives of ethnic minorities, know two or more languages, or are willing to learn another language. Scholarship recipients receive full tuition and fees.
Florida
College of Information, Florida State University. (2007). FSU project to prepare future Southeast Florida library leaders. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://ci.fsu.edu/index.cfm?objectID=DF09316B-3048-2783-11A75D88D52D7BC3
A project of Florida State University College of Information, entitled "Southeast Florida Library Leaders: Building the Next Generation of Service to Underserved Population.” Designed to prepare future library leaders for employment in Southeast Florida.
Georgia
Valdosta State University. (2007). Awards and scholarships. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://www.valdosta.edu/mlis/scholarships.shtml
Hawaii
University of Hawaii, Library & Information Science Program. (2007). Scholarships. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://www.hawaii.edu/slis/programs/financial/scholarships.htm
State-available LIS resources presented by the University of Hawaii Library & Information Science Program. Includes various types of scholarships and financial assistance to support LIS education in Hawaii.
Indiana
School of Library and Information Science, Indiana University. (2006). Internship in information and library services: MIS or MLS. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://www.slis.indiana.edu/courses/l596/l596_iub.html
Information on internship opportunities for the students of the School of Library and Information Science at Indiana University. Includes links to institutions statewide that offer internships.
Iowa
School of Library and Information Science, The University of Iowa. (2006). UI SLIS receives prestigious IMLS grant. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://slis.uiowa.edu/~slisweb/index.php?section=a&page=TeachLib/index.htm
Overview of the opportunities for perspective students in LIS at the University of Iowa School of Library and Information Science, made possible by a Laura Bush 21st Century Librarian grant.
Maryland
College of Information Studies, University of Maryland. (2007). Web-based information science education (WISE). Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://www.clis.umd.edu/programs/WISE.shtml
Distance LIS education, supported by collaborative efforts of the 13 leading LIS institutions of the country, and provided through the College of Information Studies program.
Massachusetts
Graduate School of Library and Information Science, Simmons. (2007). Continuing education. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://www.simmons.edu/gslis/continuinged/
Continuing education opportunities include workshops and institutes for professional development of practicing librarians and students. An opportunity to share best practices, network, and for the students to learn by practice and through the mentoring of their professional colleagues.
Graduate School of Library and Information Science, Simmons. (2007). Networking and mentoring. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://www.simmons.edu/gslis/career/networking.shtml
Mentoring opportunity through the Simmons Graduate School of Library and Information Science.
Michigan
School of Information, University of Michigan. (2007). Community information corps. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://www.si.umich.edu/outreach/cic.htm
“The CIC serves as a focal point for students, faculty, and community members from across disciplines to explore the changing role of information and technology in a civil society. CIC provides students with readings, lectures, practical engagement service opportunities, research projects, and social and professional networking connections…”
School of Information, University of Michigan. (2007). Practical engagement program. In Fieldwork. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://www.si.umich.edu/outreach/default.htm
Learning in practice through the net of collaborating institutions at the School of Information is achieved through a practical engagement program, which includes fieldwork in the form of internships.
Midwest
LIS Access Midwest Program. (2007). About LAMP. Retrieved July 25, 2007, from http://www.lisaccess.org/index.html
LAMP (LIS Access Midwest Program) is a network of LIS schools and academic library designed to promote LIS careers by involving undergraduate students and institutions where they study in LIS events.
LIS Access Midwest Program. (2007). Mentoring. In Resources. Retrieved July 26, 2007, from http://www.lisaccess.org/Resources.html
Includes links to International Mentoring Association, Center for Coaching and Mentoring, and Essentials of a Good Relationship.
Missouri
School of Information Science & Learning Technologies, University of Missouri. (2007). New grant will help prepare librarians for management positions at academic libraries. In News. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://sislt.missouri.edu/news.php
Grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) to the School of Information Science & Learning Technologies of the University of Missouri. The program, entitled “Preparing Tomorrow's Academic Library Managers,” is designed “to prepare students at the master's level for leadership and management careers in academic libraries.” The program is run in partnership with University of Missouri-Columbia, University of Missouri-St. Louis, University of Missouri-Kansas City, and Missouri State University, and in collaboration with the partner libraries. The program plan is to recruit 20 qualified individuals in the next 3 years, beginning in 2007.
New Jersey
Rutgers University. (2006). Center for Organizational Development and Leadership. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://www.cdl.rutgers.edu/
“The Center for Organizational Development and Leadership serves as a resource to the university community in support of efforts to create a more service-oriented culture. Emphasis is placed on relationship building and ‘teaching in all we do’ - inside and outside of the classroom. Education and instruction, consultation and facilitation, and research and development in organizational leadership are core focal areas.”
Rutgers University. (2007). The Center for International Scholarship in School Librarianship. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://cissl.scils.rutgers.edu/mission/mission.html
An international research and scholarly center designed to bring together students, professionals, and educators of school librarianship worldwide.
New York
Department of Information Studies, University at Albany, SUNY. (n.d.). Internship. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://www.albany.edu/dis/courses/internship/
Department of Information Studies, University at Albany, SUNY. (n.d.). Scholarship information. In For New & Current Students. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://www.albany.edu/dis/students/#scholarship_info
Graduate School of Library and Information Studies, Queens College. (2006). Awards. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://qcpages.qc.cuny.edu/GSLIS/current/awards.html
New York Library Association. (2003). Professional development by NYLA. Retrieved July 27, 2007, from http://www.nyla.org/index.php?page_id=6
Founded in 1890, NYLA is a statewide library association that provides a wide range of professional development and teaching support services to librarians in New York State.
New York State Library. (2007). New York State’s Reference and Research Library Resources Councils. Retrieved July 19, 2007, from http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/libdev/libs/lrc/brochurr.htm
Reference and research library resources councils (3Rs) are regional library systems, supported by the State, which provide, among other services, access to information and knowledge, professional training, and development. This site provides information on the 3Rs in New York State and links to the 9 regional councils. Continuing education opportunities for New York State librarians can be found at http://www.ny3rs.org/conted.html
School of Informatics, University at Buffalo. (2003). Internship/Practica. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://informatics.buffalo.edu/resources/internship practica.asp
State University of New York Librarians Association. (n.d.). Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://www.sunyla.org/
This association provides, among other services, organization of annual conferences, grants and scholarships for professional development, and librarian training.
North Carolina
School of Information and Library Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. (2004). Student opportunities. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://sils.unc.edu/research/studentops.html
Scholarships, internships, and funding opportunities for students.
Oklahoma
School of Library and Information Studies, University of Oklahoma. (2006). Master of library and information studies scholarships. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://www.ou.edu/cas/slis/NewSite/Students/scholarships.html
Scholarships, networking opportunities, and links to students groups and library associations.
South Carolina
School of Library and Information Science, University of South Carolina. (2005). The African American Leadership Group. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://www.libsci.sc.edu/aalgroup/
Mentoring and scholarship opportunities for African Americans.
School of Library and Information Science, University of South Carolina. (2005). Scholarships. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://www.libsci.sc.edu/program/scholarships.htm
Southeast
SAEC. (2007). Southeast Archives Education Collaborative. Retrieved July 25, 2007, from http://www.archiveseducation.info/
Southeast Archives Education Collaborative (SAEC) is designed to enhance education in the area of archival studies and practices. Includes five partners: Indiana University, Auburn University, Louisiana State University, Middle Tennessee State University, and University of Kentucky.
Tennessee
School of Information Sciences, University of Tennessee. (2006). The SIS practicum: A career building opportunity. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://www.sis.utk.edu/practicum/
“[T]he Practicum gives SIS students an opportunity to ‘try out’ a job and type of workplace, gain professional work experience, earn academic credit and valuable professional contacts.”
Texas
School of Information, University of Texas. (2006). About Kilgarlin Center. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://www.ischool.utexas.edu/kilgarlin/about.php
The William and Margaret Kilgarlin Center for Preservation of the Cultural Record offers fellowships and professional opportunities for LIS students that focus on preservation issues.
School of Information, University of Texas. (2007). Capstone information. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://www.ischool.utexas.edu/programs/capstone/
“All School of Information master's candidates complete a ‘capping’ experience to their academic studies, one that enables them to integrate their professional education and the intellectual and institutional vocations toward which they are striving.”
Washington
Information School, University of Washington. (2007). Capstone. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://www.ischool.washington.edu/msim/capstone/default.aspx
Information School, University of Washington. (2007). Information school resources. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://www.ischool.washington.edu/resources/finaid/default.aspx
Supports gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender students, international students, women, people with disabilities, and heritage groups. Provides further links for resources on PhD and Master’s programs.
Information School, University of Washington. (2007). Internships. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://www.ischool.washington.edu/msim/internships/default.aspx
Wisconsin
School of Information Studies, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. (2004). Scholarships, assistantships, and awards. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/SOIS/resources/scholarships.htm
C. Selective Resources
Computer & Information Science & Engineering, National Science Foundation. (2007). Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Program (IGERT). Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=12759&org=CISE&sel_org=CISE&from=fund
Federal grant to provide educational opportunities to graduate and undergraduate students through support of their institutions. Projects focus on innovative educational approaches and research initiatives in collaborative settings.
Institute of Museum and Library Services. (n.d.). Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://www.imls.gov/index.shtm
Primary source of federal support to libraries in the United States.
Institute of Museum and Library Services. (n.d.). Laura Bush 21st Century Librarian Program. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://www.imls.gov/applicants/grants/21centuryLibrarian.shtm
Federal grant designed to develop faculty and library leaders, with a focus on recruitment and education in LIS.
Institute of Museum and Library Services. (n.d.). National Leadership Grants. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://www.imls.gov/applicants/grants/nationalLeadership.shtm
Federal grant to support projects that elevate library services nationwide, with a focus on enhancing educational experiences. Collaboration is among the three major principles on which a proposal for a grant must be built.
Special Libraries Association. (2007). SLA student groups and faculty advisors. Retrieved July 19, 2007, from http://www.sla.org/content/community/sgroups/sgf.cfm
Student groups and associations can be a powerful tool to provide the next generation of professionals with practical experience, exposure to the profession, and collaborative opportunities. This site is a listing of nationwide student groups of SLA.
Special Libraries Association, Student and Academic Affairs Advisory Council. (2007). Student connections. Retrieved July 15, 2007, from http://units.sla.org/committee/sarc/studentconnections.htm
Compilation of resources for LIS students with concentrations in special libraries. Includes communications (listservs and communities of practice), career opportunities, scholarships and grants, information resources, events, and publications.
The Spencer Foundation. (2006). Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://www.spencer.org/main.htm
Private funding agency. “The Foundation is intended… to investigate ways in which education, broadly conceived, can be improved around the world.” Supports proposals in which innovative methods, practices, and theories are combined.
WebJunction. (2007). E-learning institute. Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://webjunction.org/do/Navigation?category=14520
WebJunction is an online community for librarians. It provides services for continuing education with information that can be shared and developed further by the users. The site is web friendly, and provides a wealth of information and knowledge for practical use and education.
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