New York State Library

Division of Library Development

Parent and Child Library Services Program

Grant Project Reports
2000-2001


Grant Project descriptions by Library:

-Avoca Free Library
-Brooklyn Public Library
-Canajoharie Library and Art Gallery
-Farman Free Library Association
-Greenwich Free Library
-Horseheads Free Library Association
-James Prendergast Library Association
-Johnstown Public Library
-Lee-Whedon Memorial Library
-Liverpool Public Library
-Mahopac Library
-Mastics-Moriches-Shirley Community Library
-Middle Country Public Library
-Middleburgh Library
-New Rochelle Public Library
-Newburgh Free Library
-Olean Public Library
-Patterson Library
-Patterson Library Association
-Richmond Memorial Library
Project Category Library or Libraries
Family Programming Avoca Free Library | Canajoharie Library and Art Gallery | Greenwich Free Library | Johnstown Public Library | Liverpool Public Library | Mastics-Moriches-Shirley Community Library | Newburgh Free Library | Patterson Library
Homework Help Canajoharie Library and Art Gallery | Horseheads Free Library Association | Newburgh Free Library | Patterson Library | Patterson Library Association
Learning Kits Avoca Free Library | Horseheads Free Library Association | James Prendergast Library Association | Johnstown Public Library | Lee-Whedon Memorial Library
Multi-Cultural Awareness Programming Greenwich Free Library
Parent Education Avoca Free Library | Brooklyn Public Library | Canajoharie Library and Art Gallery | Farman Free Library Association | James Prendergast Library Association | Mastics-Moriches-Shirley Community Library | Middle Country Public Library | Middleburgh Library | New Rochelle Public Library | Newburgh Free Library | Olean Public Library | Patterson Library | Patterson Library Association | Richmond Memorial Library
Professional development Middle Country Public Library | Richmond Memorial Library
Service to childcare providers Mahopac Library | Middleburgh Library
Service to families where English is a second language Mastics-Moriches-Shirley Community Library
Service to home-schooled children Horseheads Free Library Association
Service to low-income families Olean Public Library
Service to newborns and toddlers James Prendergast Library Association | Mahopac Library | Middle Country Public Library | Olean Public Library
Service to pre-school children Brooklyn Public Library | Farman Free Library Association | Greenwich Free Library | James Prendergast Library Association | Mahopac Library | Mastics-Moriches-Shirley Community Library | Middle Country Public Library | Middleburgh Library | New Rochelle Public Library | Olean Public Library | Richmond Memorial Library
Service to school age children Avoca Free Library | Brooklyn Public Library | Canajoharie Library and Art Gallery | Farman Free Library Association | Greenwich Free Library | Horseheads Free Library Association | Johnstown Public Library | Lee-Whedon Memorial Library | Liverpool Public Library | Mastics-Moriches-Shirley Community Library | Newburgh Free Library Patterson Library | Richmond Memorial Library
Service to struggling readers Lee-Whedon Memorial Library | Olean Public Library | Patterson Library Association
Service to teen parents James Prendergast Library Association | New Rochelle Public Library | Newburgh Free Library
Service to young adults Brooklyn Public Library | James Prendergast Library Association | Liverpool Public Library | Patterson Library Association
Technology Projects Liverpool Public Library
Avoca Free Library

Sandy Seager
(607) 566-9279

R.E.V. (Reading Excitement through Videos)

$13,050
2000-2001

Brief project description: Three libraries in Steuben County; Avoca, Atlanta and Cohocton, each made eleven video and book kits available for circulation. Parenting programs and special story hours were held at all three libraries.

Needs addressed: Parents play a key role in their children's literacy development. This program made video-based kits available to parents who might otherwise not use the library at all. It was hoped that these kits would be a bridge for parents to a variety of library services and parenting programs.

Target audience: The three libraries participating in this project serve a district in which 80% of the children are eligible for free lunch. Many low-income families use the library as a source for videos. It was hoped that this project would put books and information as well as videos into the hands of these patrons.

Community partners and their roles:

Specific activities:

Staffing:

Costs:

Evaluation:

Attendance at parenting programs

Attendance at story-hours -

469 people attended the kick-off assembly; 1650 flyers were distributed and 48 new library cards were issued.

Changes/recommendations:

Categories of Service:

  1. Service to School Age Children
  2. Parent Education
  3. Family Programs
  4. Learning Kits
  5. Services to Low-Income Families


Brooklyn Public Library

Margaret Pas
(718) 638-5409 x 174

Reading: A Key to Your Child's Success
$41,363.00
2000 - 2001

Brief project description:

Workshops designed to educate parents about the value of reading to their children during the pre-school years were offered at the Central Library and four branches.

Needs addressed:

Poor reading scores of elementary school children in many of the Community School Districts in Brooklyn reflect a lack of family literacy practices. This program was designed to encourage more storybook interactions between parents and their children.

Target audience:

Parents of pre-school children, particularly families in school districts where reading scores were lowest; parents with high school or below education levels; teen parents and families who were not regular library users.

Community partners and their roles:

Specific activities:

Staffing:

Costs:

Evaluation:

Changes/recommendations:

Categories of Service:

  1. Services to Pre-school Children
  2. Services to School Age Children
  3. Parent Education
  4. Services to Teen Parents


Canajoharie Library and Art Gallery

Eric Trahan
(518) 673-2314

Building Bridges for Youth
$9,275
2000-2001

Brief project description:

This project was part of a community-wide initiative, "Healthy Communities/Healthy Youth" whose aim was to provide more community support for young people. The library participated by offering after-school programs, homework help, community service opportunities and programs for parents.

Needs addressed:

The national model for this program, developed at the Search Institute in Milwaukee, ascertained that children need more educational and social experiences outside of school so they will have opportunities for interaction with parents and other adults in the community.

Target audience:

The target audience for this project was the students in the Canajoharie Central School district, along with their parents. This is approximately 1,200 students and 900 parents.

Community partners and their roles:

Specific activities:

Staffing:

Costs:

Evaluation:

Changes/recommendations:

Two of the most successful components of the project, homework help and community service opportunities, were handled completely by community partners. Their enthusiasm and commitment insured success. At the same time the dispersal of responsibility made project cohesion more challenging.

Categories of Service:

  1. Service to School Age Children
  2. Homework Help
  3. Parent Education
  4. Family Programming


Farman Free Library Association

Loren Kent
(716) 287-2637

PC/PC (Parent-Child/Personal-Computing)
$9,776.00
2000-2001

Brief project description:

52 parent-child computer skill workshops were provided.

Needs addressed:

According to the New York State School Report Card, the school districts served by the library ranked 66th (Falconer) and 32nd (Pine Valley) out of 98 school districts statewide for academic performance in math and English language arts. These free parent-child computer classes were part of the effort to raise overall academic achievement in the community.

Target audience:

Parents, preschool and school age children in the Farman Free Library service area

Community partners and their roles:

Specific activities:

A total of 52 computer classes were held with 82 participants overall.

Staffing:

Costs:

Evaluation:

Instructors were able to customize classes to meet the needs of participants. Classes filled immediately.

Changes/recommendations:

Categories of Service:

  1. Services to Preschoolers
  2. Services to School Age Children
  3. Parent Education


Greenwich Free Library

Claudia Blacker
(518) 692-7157

Exploring My World
$15,044.00
2000-2001

Brief project description:

Weekly programs on a variety of topics, e.g. multiculturalism, sciences, careers, disabilities, Native Americans, were presented to parents and children at the library. Kits were assembled for teachers in grades K-3 as additional resources for program support.

Needs addressed:

The library serves a very rural area where there are few cultural activities. The library serves as a primary cultural resource for parents and children. These programs were selected in order to broaden the worldviews of many local residents.

Target audience:

Preschoolers and primary school-age children and their parents in Greenwich and surrounding communities.

Community partners and their roles:

Specific activities:

Each month a series of programs related to a specific theme were held at both the school and the library. A variety of hands-on materials were available to parents and children to enrich the learning experiences provided by the programs. During Black History Week the Boys and Girls Clubs of Albany were invited to spend the weekend participating in various events.

Staffing:

Costs:

Evaluation:

Quantitative - 148 programs were held with a total attendance of 2,960. 5,000 materials circulated

Changes/recommendations:

Half of the programs should be held at the school and half at the library.

Categories of Service:

  1. Service to School Age Children
  2. Service to Pre-School Children
  3. Family Programs
  4. Multi-Cultural Awareness Programs
  5. Learning Kits


Horseheads Free Library

Sherrill Collins
(607) 739-4581

Beyond Books Plus
$11,990.00
2000-2001

Brief project description:

Eighteen multi-media, curriculum support kits were made available to parents and children in grades 2-5.

Needs addressed:

Horseheads Free Library supplements the local school libraries with materials to support curricular goals. The three elementary Catholic schools in Chemung County, the Horseheads Christian Elementary School and the 303 registered home schooled students are in particular need of curriculum related materials.

Target audience:

Multi-media kits were made available to all library patrons. However, the groups identified as most in need were the 303 registered home schooled students; the 529 students attending Catholic schools in Chemung County and the 120 students attending the Horseheads Christian Elementary School.

Community partners and their roles:

Specific activities:

Staffing:

Costs:

Evaluation:

Changes/recommendations:

Assembling the kits took much longer than expected. Kits began circulating in May of the grant year. The original plan was to begin circulation in October. The delay in circulation start-up did not allow enough time to adequately evaluate the program during the grant year.

Categories of Service:

  1. Service to School Age Children
  2. Service to Home-schooled Children
  3. Homework Help
  4. Learning Kits


Johnstown Public Library

Barbara Germain
(518) 762-9776

Traveling through the Region with Explorations Kits (TREK)
$14,309
2000-2001

Brief project description:

This project was an effort to introduce children and their families to a naturalist form of intelligence and the various ecosystems of the southern Adirondacks and the Mohawk River Valley. An Adirondack Learning Center was established in the library, a series of family programs on the theme of nature was presented and six regional backpacks were created to accompany families exploring the area.

Needs addressed:

The New York State Education Department has identified the "Living Environment" as a key area of concentration for the elementary curriculum. This project encouraged families to explore the local environment to better understand the community.

Target audience:

Children ages 4 to 10, their families and caregivers. Secondarily, homeschoolers and their families were targeted.

Community partners and their roles:

Specific activities:

Staffing:

Costs:

Evaluation:

Changes/recommendations:

Materials were ordered from small publishing houses and suppliers which was labor intensive. A technical services clerical staff budget should be added to the grant.

Categories of Service:

  1. Services to School Age Children
  2. Family Programs


Lee-Whedon Memorial Library

Suzanne McAllister
(716) 798-3430

S.H.A.R.E. - Students Having Adults Read Everyday
$7,500.00
2000-2001

Brief project description:

This was a library-based, one-on-one reading program for 20 remedial readers working with volunteer tutors. They used books, games, puzzles and computer programs to improve literacy skills. Reading activity kits were supplied to families to reinforce skills learned at the library. Local schools provided transportation and measured student improvement.

Needs addressed:

Research shows that early intervention is the best way to deal with delayed progress in reading. This program was an effort to provide this timely service to the neediest readers in 1st and 2nd grades.

Target audience:

20 remedial readers from 1st and 2nd grade at the local elementary school were recommended for the program

Community partners and their roles:

Specific activities:

Remedial readers and their tutors met twice per month for one-hour sessions at the library. They used specially developed book kits designed to improve early reading ability. Story kits were taken home after each session so that student could practice literacy activities at home with their parents. Transportation to the sessions was provided by the school district. Parents were required to attend initial orientation sessions and sign contracts outlining their responsibilities.

Staffing:

Costs:

Evaluation:

Changes/recommendations:

Tutors would best be recruited for two sessions - September to December and January to May. A larger pool of volunteers is needed to fill in for absent tutors. Parents need to be involved more. Next year programming for parents and children will be provided on a monthly basis. Also, next year, phone calls will be made to homes to elicit feedback on story kits. Lesson plans for each tutor kit should be laminated and kept on file. Materials at lower reading levels have to be included in 1st and 2nd grade kits.

Categories of Service:

  1. Services to School Age Children
  2. Services to Struggling Readers
  3. Learning Kits


Liverpool Public Library

Elizabeth Dailey
(315) 457-0310 x105

Project Links
$7,049.00
2000-2001

Brief project description:

The library provided 8 intensive training sessions which enabled middle schoolers and their parents to collaborate in the creation of a web-page to document the community and its importance in New York history

Needs addressed:

The program involved young adults and their parents with library resources and gave them a connection to the community through technology.

Target audience:

Middle and high school students and their parents from the Greater Liverpool area who would commit to eight sessions of intensive training and information gathering.

Community partners and their roles:

Specific activities:

The library organized eight sessions to instruct middle school students and their parents on information gathering techniques and use of Adobe GoLive with digital cameras. Eight students and eleven parents participated. The goal was to create an informational web page about the community past and present.

Staffing:

Costs:

Evaluation:

Changes/recommendations:

Categories of Service:

  1. Services to Young Adults
  2. Services to School Age Children
  3. Projects involving technology
  4. Family Programming


Mahopac Public Library

Patricia Kaufman
(845) 628-2009

Reading on the Road
$14,368.00
2000-2001

Brief project description:

This project was an effort to bring literacy experiences to children ages birth through five who could not visit the library regularly. It involved conducting story-hours at various social service agencies, supplying licensed child-care providers and nursery schools with books and materials and offering literacy workshops to nursery school teachers and child-care providers.

Needs addressed:

Statistics gathered by the Mahopac Central School District indicated that many of the children who were entering kindergarten lacked the necessary conceptual skills for reading mastery. In 1999 the district identified 200 students in kindergarten through second grade who would not meet the new state standards for reading mastery.

Target audience:

Children from birth through five and their parents/caregivers who cannot visit the library on a regular basis, specifically: at-risk children and their parents who use social service agencies; children who are cared for in private homes by licensed childcare providers and children in licensed nursery schools.

Community partners and their roles:

Specific activities:

Staffing:

Costs:

Evaluation:

Changes/recommendations:

Order fewer materials or hire more project staff to handle the processing and distribution.

Categories of Service:

  1. Day Care Provider Education
  2. Services to Children in Day Care Centers
  3. Services to Newborns and Toddlers
  4. Services to Pre-Schoolers


Mastics-Moriches-Shirley Community Library

Kathleen Deerr
(631) 399-1511 x266

Learning English: A Family Affair
$13,448.00
2000-2001

Brief project description:

This project provided English instruction to ESOL students who are parents. It also provided family storytimes in order to teach English through stories, songs and picture books.

Needs addressed:

There has been an influx of families who do not speak English in Suffolk county. The 1999 enrollment figures for William Floyd School District showed a decrease of 10% in the white population, a 39.5% increase in the Hispanic population and a 12% increase in the Asian population. Last year there were 60 ESL adult students being tutored through the Community Library ESL program with 67 on the waiting list.

Target audience:

Families of non-English speaking or low English speaking adults with children between the ages of two and eight

Community partners and their roles:

Specific activities:

Staffing:

Costs:

Evaluation:

Changes/recommendations:

If additional funding were available, transportation would have made the program more accessible to a greater number of families. Yet the attendance we had was optimal for instruction and interaction. Any more than six families would had diminished the effectiveness of the program.

Categories of Service:

  1. Services to Pre-School Children
  2. Services to School Age Children
  3. Family Programs
  4. Parent Education
  5. Service to Families where English is a second language.


Middleburgh Library

Mary France
(518) 827-5142

Books on Wheels
$7,050.00
2000-2001

Brief project description:

30 kits based on specific themes and containing books, puppets, flannel boards and activity sheets were distributed to Head Start families and day care providers.

Needs addressed:

A high percentage of the families in the rural part of Schoharie County served by the library live below the poverty level. These families often do not have the resources to prepare their preschoolers for school.

Target audience:

Families of children who participate in the Schoharie County Headstart Program and preschoolers who attend local day care centers.

Community partners and their roles:

Specific activities:

Staffing:

Costs:

Evaluation:

Changes/recommendations:

More time must be allocated for the development and assembly of the kits.

Categories of Service:

  1. Services to Preschoolers
  2. Services to Day Care Providers
  3. Parent Education


Middle Country Public Library

Barbara Jordan
(631) 585-9393 x224

Family Place Literacy Institute
$18,371.00
2000-2001

Brief project description:

A training institute was conducted for a statewide audience of children's librarians. The institute was designed to give librarians an understanding of the principles of both emergent and adult literacy as well as program models that integrate family literacy principles that work well in public library settings.

Needs addressed:

To effectively work with families and young children, librarians need to have both a theoretical understanding of literacy issues and a practical understanding of programming that works well with various audiences. This two-day institute was developed to serve as a prototype professional training opportunity that could be repeated with other audiences.

Target audience:

Children's librarians in New York State who would bring back to the parents and children in their communities the theory and practice introduced to them at the institute. Twenty-four children's librarians from throughout New York participated in the institute.

Community partners and their roles:

Specific activities:

Twenty-four librarians from across the state were invited to this two-day institute where experts in the fields of early literacy, adult literacy and family programming presented information and shared materials. They completed evaluation instruments immediately after the institute and were sent post institute evaluations four months later to measure the training impact.

Staffing:

Costs:

Evaluation:

Changes/recommendations:

Increase both the time and cost allocations for professional and clerical staff needed to coordinate this project.

Categories of Service:

  1. Professional Development - Librarians
  2. Service to Preschool Children
  3. Service to Newborns and Toddlers
  4. Parent Education


New Rochelle Public Library

Patricia Anderson
(914) 632-7878 x12

Satellite Library at the Mascaro Boys and Girls Club
$26,692.00
2000-2001

Brief project description:

A library collection was established in the Mascaro Branch of the Boys and Girls Club to support an after school tutorial program and provide reference information

Needs addressed:

The Mascaro Boys and Girls Club is in a physically isolated section of the community serving mostly low-income Latino families. This project was designed to offer access to library services.

Target audience:

The service area of the Mascaro Boys and Girls Clubs includes low income, minority and immigrant population. The primary target audience was school age children between the ages of 6-12. A parenting collection was established for parents.

Community partners and their roles:

Specific activities:

Staffing:

Costs:

Evaluation

Changes/recommendations:

Greater staff involvement at the Boys and Girls Club Unit would help planning process.

Categories of Service:

  1. Service to School Age Children
  2. Homework Help
  3. Parent Education
  4. Family Programs


Newburgh Free Library

Doris Free, Project Director
(845) 561-1985

Jump Start with Head Start
$4,557.00
2001 -2002

Brief project description:

A series of computer literacy skills workshops and library orientations were provided to bi-lingual children and their parents

Needs addressed:

It was observed that parents of Hispanic children were frustrated because they were unable to help children in doing homework or in using the library's computers.

Target audience:

Hispanic parents and children from the Head Start program.

Community partners and their roles:

Specific activities:

Staffing:

Costs:

Evaluation:

Changes/recommendations:

None

Categories of Service:

  1. Services to School-Age Children
  2. Parent Education


Olean Public Library

Kathleen Price
(716) 372-0200

Books: The Best Medicine for the Mind - Part II
$17,574.00
2000-2001

Brief project description:

This is a continuation of a 1999 grant to establish "Reach Out and Read" (ROR) centers based on the model developed at the Boston Hospital. This library-medical community partnership helped medical staff at two sites to educate parents about the importance of reading with young children.

Needs addressed:

Families who have low literacy skills and who are in a low socioeconomic population will often respond positively to advice from trusted people in professional positions. Parents tend to follow through when doctors tell them to read to their young children. Research is conclusive that early literacy experiences in the home have a direct influence on children's early reading success in the classroom.

Target audience:

Although the program was directed toward Cattaraugus County families with a lower socioeconomic status all children from birth to five years who visited participating pediatricians for well-child visits received the service.

Community partners and their roles:

Specific activities:

Staffing:

Costs:

Evaluation:

Changes/recommendations:

It is most important to establish a contact in the medical community before beginning the project. This project took approximately 22 months largely because of administrative red tape at the medical facilities.

Categories of Service:

  1. Services to Newborns and Toddlers
  2. Services to Pre-School Children
  3. Parent Education
  4. Services to Low Income Families


Patterson Library Association

Maureen Pasko
(914) 878-6662

Lifelong Learners: Parents and Children
$37,520.00
2000-2001

Brief project description:

In its second year of grant funding, this year's after-school enrichment program was for children who were failing one or more academic subjects or repeating a grade in school. The project promoted development of critical thinking and problem solving skills.

Needs addressed:

The partners had worked together on the first year of the grant. They determined that middle school children who were failing were not receiving the additional academic help they needed. They felt their program, which offered a structured learning environment after school, could be adapted to meet the needs of these students.

Target audience:

Middle school students who were either failing one or more academic subjects and students who had been retained for a year to repeat a grade. Workshops for the entire community of students and parents in Putnam County were also scheduled.

Community partners and their roles:

Specific activities:

Staffing:

Costs:

Evaluation:

Changes/recommendations:

The challenge is to increase parental involvement. Increasing school involvement could probably be accomplished by initiating earlier and more frequent contacts with faculty members. Classroom space was limited.

Categories of Service:

  1. Services to Young Adult
  2. Services to Struggling Readers
  3. Parent Education
  4. Homework Help


Patterson Library

Deborah R. Williams
(716) 326-2154

Books Good Enough To Eat
$8,176.00
2000-2001

Brief project description:

Parents were invited to an information session about the new NYS Standards for English/Language Arts in grades 1-4. Three "Books Good Enough to Eat" programs were presented at the library. Programs combined book talks and dinner for parents and children. Student program participants received a free paperback and badge and were invited to join a reading club.

Needs addressed:

The most recent results of the NYS English/Language Arts assessment administered to fourth graders at the Westfield school indicated that 48.8% of the students scored in the two lowest level of achievement. The elementary school principal wished to inform parents of the new learning stories and give them more support for reading at home.

Target audience:

Children in grades 1-4 and their parents or caregivers.

Community partners and their roles:

Specific activities:

Staffing:

Costs:

Evaluation:

Changes/recommendations:

Bibliographies of the NYS English/Language Arts suggested titles and the publications on learning standards should have been distributed during the first parent meeting at the school. The reading club component may be more appropriate to summer library programming. This change would avoid duplication with school reading incentive programs. Visible program promotion is essential.

Categories of Service:

  1. Services to School Age children
  2. Parent Education
  3. Family Programs


James Prendergast Library Association

Camille Guinnane
(716) 484-7135 x234

PARENT: Parents are Reading Educators, Nurturing Teachers
$17,426.00
2000-2001

Brief project description:

Lesson packets on various pre-reading activities were distributed to parents of pre-school children through the library and other organizations serving families with newborns, families with young children and teen parents.

Needs addressed:

Research clearly demonstrates that children's reading ability is based on their experiences with print during the pre-school years. This program was designed to help parents introduce their young children to literacy-related activities.

Target audience:

Parents with children six years and younger in the immediate Jamestown NY area. A special effort was made to include parents who lack literacy skills themselves.

Community partners and their roles:

Specific activities:

Packets for each of six age groups and a packet of remedial lessons were created and duplicated. Their purpose was to help parents introduce reading-readiness activities to their children. Community partners distributed packets and modeled their use with parents. The first year packets are available on computer disk to any organization or library interested in duplicating the project.

Staffing:

Costs:

Evaluation:

Changes/recommendations:

Better communication was needed between library staff and Extra Edge staff during the development of he packets. Librarians eventually were seen as excellent resources for the literature included in the packets but this was only after Extra Edge staff had designed activities for books that were out of print. Booklists, compiled after the packets were reproduced were problematic in that many appropriate books were out of print and new ones had to be substituted.

Categories of Service:

  1. Services to Newborns and Toddlers
  2. Services to Preschoolers
  3. Parent Education
  4. Services to Young Adults (Teen Parents)


Richmond Memorial Library

Sandra A. Gillard
(716) 343-9550

Special People, Special Needs
$7,550.00
2000-2001

Brief project description:

Story hours and literature related materials were provided for emotionally and physically disabled children enrolled in local BOCES program and for students at the New York State School for the Blind.

Needs addressed:

The 1986 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act indicates that children with special needs should be incorporated into programs that help integrate them into the community. Library programs present a perfect setting where children with special needs can be accommodated in community wide events

Target audience:

Disabled children in the Batavia area - 68 children who attend the New York State School for the Blind and 100 students affiliated with BOCES who attend schools in the Batavia district.

Community partners and their roles:

Specific activities:

Staffing:

Costs:

Evaluation:

Changes/recommendations:

The grant was very time consuming. Other libraries might consider hiring a staff person to help with the additional workload.

Categories of Service:

  1. Service to Pre-School Children
  2. Services to School Age Children
  3. Services to Special Needs Children
  4. Parent Education
  5. Professional Development - Librarians


Go to Parent & Child Library Services Program Page

Last modified on January 10, 2003 -- asm
For questions or comments contact
Anne E. Simon.
URL: http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/libdev/parchld/01digest.htm